Aukstā ūdens šoks un hipotermija: ko darīt

Pēdējo reizi pārbaudīts: 2026. gada 14. oktobris

Soli pa solim

1. Vispirms turieties virs ūdens, nepeldiet

   Aukstā ūdenī cilvēks sāk elsot un elpot ļoti strauji. Pretojieties vēlmei peldēt vai kulties. Atgāziet galvu atpakaļ ar ausīm zem ūdens, izpletiet rokas un kājas un turieties virs ūdens, līdz elpošana nomierinās.[1][2][3][5]

2. Turiet muti un degunu virs ūdens

   Glābšanas veste notur muti un degunu virs ūdens, kamēr savaldāt elpošanu. Ja glābšanas vestes nav, turieties pie jebkā, kas peld.[6][4]

3. Kad varat elpot, sauciet palīdzību

   Kad elpošana ir savaldīta, kliedziet, svilpiet svilpē vai izmantojiet radio, tālruni vai avārijas raidītāju, lai sauktu palīdzību.[3]

4. Nākamās 10 minūtes izmantojiet, lai izkļūtu

   Apmēram nākamo desmit minūšu laikā rokas, kājas un pirksti zaudēs spēku. Izmantojiet šo laiku, lai uzkāptu atpakaļ uz klāja vai uz jebkā, kas peld, un izceltu no ūdens pēc iespējas lielāku ķermeņa daļu.[7][12]

5. Peldiet tikai tad, ja drošība ir tuvu

   Peldot jūs ātrāk zaudējat siltumu. Peldiet tikai pie citiem cilvēkiem, laivas vai krasta, ko noteikti sasniegsiet. Nepeldiet, lai sasiltu.[8][14]

6. Viens un nevarat izkļūt: HELP poza

   Nekustieties, lai taupītu siltumu. Cieši sakrustojiet rokas uz krūtīm un pievelciet ceļus pie tām, galvu turot virs ūdens.[9][11][14]

7. Kopā ar citiem: saspiedieties grupā

   Saspiedieties kopā, krūtis cieši vienu pie otra, apskaujot cits citu ap muguru un turot kājas kopā. Tas palēnina siltuma zudumu un notur grupu kopā glābējiem.[10][22]

8. Pēc izglābšanas: celiet saudzīgi un guļus

   Ja iespējams, atdzisušu cietušo celiet ārā no ūdens guļus, nevis stāvus. Apejieties ar viņu saudzīgi un pēc iespējas ātrāk nogādājiet siltā, sausā, aizvējā vietā; ķermeņa iekšējā temperatūra var turpināt kristies arī pēc izglābšanas.[15][13]

9. Sildiet lēnām

   Novelciet slapjās drēbes un ietiniet cietušo segā, guļammaisā vai sausā dvielī, apsedzot arī galvu. Ja cietušais ir pilnībā pie samaņas, dodiet siltu bezalkoholisku dzērienu un kaut ko saldu ēst.[17][19]

10. Sauciet medicīnisko palīdzību

    Hipotermija ir neatliekams medicīnisks stāvoklis, kam vajadzīga ārstēšana slimnīcā. Zvaniet vietējam glābšanas vai ārkārtas numuram.[20]

Ko nedarīt

• Pirmajā minūtē nemēģiniet spēcīgi peldēt. Vispirms ļaujiet aukstuma šokam pāriet.[1]
• Nepeldiet tikai tāpēc, lai sasiltu. Tas paātrina siltuma zudumu.[8][14]
• Neievietojiet hipotermijas skartu cilvēku karstā vannā un neberzējiet viņa rokas, kājas, plaukstas vai pēdas.[18][21]
• Nedodiet alkoholu atdzisušam cilvēkam.[23]
• Neceliet atdzisušu cietušo stāvus, ja varat viņu pacelt guļus.[15]

Pirms došanās jūrā

• Pirms došanās jūrā: valkājiet glābšanas vesti vai peldvesti. Tā ievērojami palielina iespēju pārdzīvot sākotnējo šoku.[6][24]
• Pirms došanās jūrā: ģērbieties atbilstoši ūdens, nevis gaisa temperatūrai.[25]
• Pirms došanās jūrā: jebkuru ūdeni, kas aukstāks par 15°C, uzskatiet par aukstu. Daudzviet tas attiecas uz lielu gada daļu.[26]
• Pirms došanās jūrā: turiet pie sevis līdzekli palīdzības izsaukšanai, piemēram, VHF radio, PLB vai EPIRB.[27]
• Pirms došanās jūrā: izmēģiniet turēšanos virs ūdens uzraudzītā vietā, piemēram, peldbaseinā.[28]

Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi

Avoti

Avoti citēti oriģinālvalodā.

1. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Take a minute. The initial effects of cold water pass in less than a minute so don’t try to swim straight away.”
2. RNLI (Float to Live) (2026-10-14): “The best way to float is to tilt your head back with your ears submerged.”
3. RNLI (Float to Live) (2026-10-14): “Try to relax and breathe normally. You can gently move your hands and legs to help you stay afloat if you need to. Spread your arms and legs out to improve stability – and it's OK if your legs sink, we all float differently. Once your breathing is under control, call for help or swim to safety.”
4. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “If possible, utilize any floating objects to get out of the water.”
5. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “During cold shock, a person will take a sudden, deep gasp of air, then start to hyperventilate. This can be 600-1000% faster than normal breathing and it’s the body’s automatic response. This lasts about one minute.”
6. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “Wearing your lifejacket during this stage will keep you afloat, with your mouth and nose out of the water, so you can focus on your breathing.”
7. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “For the next 10 minutes or so, you will lose meaningful movement in your arms, legs and fingers. Focus on self-rescue. If that isn’t possible, find a way to keep your airway out of the water and wait for rescue.”
8. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “Only swim if you can join others or reach safety. Don’t swim to keep warm.”
9. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “Cross your arms tightly against your chest and draw your knees up close to them to help you keep your body heat.”
10. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “Huddle with others with your chests close together, arms around your mid to lower backs, and legs woven together. This also helps keep your group together until help arrives.”
11. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “If you cannot get to safety, assume the Heat Escape Lessening Position (H.E.L.P.) position. This protects the critical body areas and slows down the loss of heat.”
12. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Keep as much of your body out of the water as possible.”
13. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “After escaping from cold water, get into a warm, dry, protected environment as quickly as possible. Even removed from cold water, a victim’s core temperature can continue to drop to dangerous levels.”
14. IMO – Guide for Cold Water Survival (MSC.1/Circ.1185/Rev.1) (2026-10-14): “Do not attempt to swim unless it is to reach a fellow survivor or a nearby shore, craft, or other floating object onto which you can hold or climb. Staying calm and still conserves heat.”
15. IMO – Guide for Cold Water Survival (MSC.1/Circ.1185/Rev.1) (2026-10-14): “Ideally, the survivor should be recovered in a horizontal or near-horizontal body position. Lifting a hypothermic person vertically can induce cardiac arrest.”
16. IMO – Guide for Cold Water Survival (MSC.1/Circ.1185/Rev.1) (2026-10-14): “It is important to remember that they will last only about three minutes and will then ease.”
17. NHS (2026-10-14): “remove any wet clothing, wrap them in a blanket, sleeping bag or dry towel, making sure their head is covered”
18. NHS (2026-10-14): “do not use a hot bath, hot water bottle or heat lamp to warm them up”
19. NHS (2026-10-14): “give them a warm non-alcoholic drink and some sugary food like chocolate if they're fully awake”
20. NHS (2026-10-14): “Hypothermia is a dangerous drop in body temperature below 35C (normal body temperature is around 37C). It's a medical emergency that needs to be treated in hospital.”
21. NHS (2026-10-14): “do not rub their arms, legs, feet or hands”
22. NSW Government (Transport for NSW) (2026-10-14): “If you're in the water with others, huddling is the best method of reducing the risk of hypothermia. Huddle close together to protect your chests and arms. This can reduce the rate at which your bodies lose heat and can increase survival time by up to 50%.”
23. NHS (2026-10-14): “do not give them alcohol to drink”
24. RNLI (2026-10-14): “It greatly increases your chances of making it through the initial shock.”
25. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Always dress for water temperature, not for air temperature.”
26. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Anything below 15°C is defined as cold water and can seriously affect your breathing and movement, so the risk is significant most of the year.”
27. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Carry an Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB), personal locator beacon (PLB) or VHF Radio.”
28. RNLI (Float to Live) (2026-10-14): “Practise floating in a supervised location like a swimming pool.”
29. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “The 1-10-1 Principle is a simple way to remember the stages of cold-water immersion and how long each one lasts.”
30. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “It can take an hour to go unconscious from hypothermia, even in ice water.”
31. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Gasping for Breath & Rapid Breathing (occurs during the first 2-3 minutes or more)”
32. US National Weather Service (NOAA), citing the Red Cross (2026-10-14): “Hot water bottles and chemical hot packs may be used. Wrap the person in a towel or blanket before applying.”
33. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Gasping for a breath or rapid breathing from sudden immersion can be triggered by water as warm as 77°F (25°C).”

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