Migla un slikta redzamība uz ūdens: ko darīt

Pēdējo reizi pārbaudīts: 2026. gada 14. oktobris

Soli pa solim

1. Nosakiet pozīciju tūlīt

   Kad redzat tuvojamies miglu, nekavējoties atzīmējiet savu pozīciju GPS un papīra kartē.[13]

2. Samaziniet ātrumu

   Lēns ātrums ir vienīgais drošais ātrums miglā. Brauciet ar tādu ātrumu, lai laikus varētu apstāties vai pagriezties, un turiet dzinēju gatavu tūlītējam manevram.[27][6]

3. Ugunis ieslēgtas, atstarotājs pacelts

   Ieslēdziet navigācijas ugunis arī dienā un pārliecinieties, ka radara atstarotājs ir pacelts.[11][23][14]

4. Dodiet miglas signālu

   Saskaņā ar COLREGs mehāniski dzenams kuģis, kas virzās pa ūdeni, vismaz ik pēc 2 minūtēm dod vienu garu signālu (4–6 sekundes); buru kuģis — vienu garu un divus īsus. Laiva, kas īsāka par 12 m, tā vietā var vismaz ik pēc 2 minūtēm dot citu efektīvu skaņas signālu.[1][2][3][10]

5. Skatieties un klausieties

   Norīkojiet papildu novērotājus un pārbaudiet, vai visiem mugurā ir glābšanas veste. Izslēdziet mūziku un klausieties, vai nav dzirdami dzinēji, taures, balsis un miglas signāli.[8][15][18][22]

6. Izmantojiet radaru un AIS, bet nepaļaujieties uz tiem

   Izmantojiet radaru un AIS, ja tie jums ir. Atcerieties, ka mazas laivas citu kuģu radarā var nebūt redzamas pat ar atstarotāju.[14][19][28]

7. Dzirdat signālu priekšā? Gandrīz apstājieties

   Ja dzirdat cita kuģa miglas signālu priekšā, samaziniet ātrumu līdz minimālajam, ar kuru vēl varat noturēt kursu, un, ja vajag, apstājieties, līdz briesmas ir garām.[7]

8. Atstājiet kuģu ceļus

   Drošā ātrumā un ar nemainīgu kursu dodieties uz seklāku ūdeni prom no noslogotiem kuģu ceļiem, tad noenkurojieties un gaidiet. Ja jāšķērso satiksmes josla, šķērsojiet to taisnā leņķī pret satiksmes plūsmu.[16][9]

9. Signāls uz enkura un klausīšanās 16. kanālā

   Uz enkura stāvošs kuģis vismaz reizi minūtē apmēram 5 sekundes strauji zvana zvanu; laiva, kas īsāka par 12 m, tā vietā vismaz ik pēc 2 minūtēm var dot citu efektīvu skaņas signālu. Turpiniet klausīties VHF 16. kanālu.[5][3][20]

10. Briesmās sauciet palīdzību

    Ja domājat, ka esat iestrēguši bīstamā vietā, sauciet palīdzību ar VHF radio.[17]

Ko nedarīt

• Neturiet parasto ātrumu. Lēns ātrums ir vienīgais drošais ātrums miglā.[27]
• Nepieņemiet, ka kuģi jūs redz radarā vai AIS.[19][28]
• Neklausieties radio un nenovērsiet uzmanību ar sarunām; jums vajadzīga dzirde.[22]
• Nešķērsojiet kuģu ceļu slīpi; ja jāšķērso, dariet to taisnā leņķī.[9]
• Nepieņemiet, ka saule izkliedēs miglu; jūras migla var saglabāties līdz vēlai pēcpusdienai.[21]

Pirms došanās jūrā

• Pirms došanās jūrā: uzstādiet labāko radara atstarotāju, ko praktiski iespējams uzstādīt jūsu laivai.[29]
• Pirms došanās jūrā: ņemiet līdzi strādājošu skaņas signāla ierīci. Laivām, kas īsākas par 12 m, svilpe un zvans nav obligāti, bet tām jābūt citam līdzeklim efektīva skaņas signāla došanai.[12]
• Pirms došanās jūrā: iemācieties taures un zvana signālus, kas jādod miglā.[26]
• Pirms došanās jūrā: ņemiet līdzi kompasu un karti, lai varētu navigēt, ja sabojājas elektronika.[25]

Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi

Avoti

Avoti citēti oriģinālvalodā.

1. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(a), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast”
2. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “shall, instead of the signals prescribed in Rule 35 (a) or (b), sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts”
3. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(j), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to give the above mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.”
4. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound at intervals of no more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them.”
5. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(g), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than 1 minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds.”
6. IMO COLREGs Rule 19(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate maneuver.”
7. IMO COLREGs Rule 19(e), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to be the minimum at which she can be kept on her course.”
8. IMO COLREGs Rule 5, text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.”
9. IMO COLREGs Rule 10(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel, shall so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.”
10. IMO COLREGs Rule 32(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four to six seconds duration.”
11. IMO COLREGs Rule 20(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility”
12. IMO COLREGs Rule 33(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound signaling appliances prescribed in Rule 33 (a) but if she does not, she shall be provided with some other means of making an efficient signal.”
13. RNLI (2026-10-14): “When you see fog approaching, immediately do a position fix on your GPS and on your paper chart.”
14. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Make yourself visible and help yourself see other vessels – switch on navigation lights, make sure your radar reflector’s up, and use your radar and AIS (Automatic Identification System).”
15. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Nominate extra crew for lookout duty and check all are wearing lifejackets.”
16. RNLI (2026-10-14): “At a safe speed and a steady course, head for shallower water where you won’t be in any busy shipping lanes. There, drop anchor and sit it out.”
17. RNLI (2026-10-14): “If you’re really worried you’re stuck in a dangerous place, use your VHF radio to call for help.”
18. RNLI (2026-10-14): “keep listening out for engine noise, horns, voices and other signs of vessels nearby.”
19. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Very small vessels like dinghies don’t always show up on the radar, so you’ve got to be extra careful.”
20. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Listen on VHF Ch 16 and, in restricted waters, Ch 13.”
21. RNLI (2026-10-14): “It’s a common misconception that fog always gets ‘burned off’ by the sun as the day progresses; sea fog can still linger well into the afternoon.”
22. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Don’t be tempted to stick on the radio while you’re waiting for the fog to clear, or get distracted by conversation”
23. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Turn on all of your running lights, even in daytime.”
24. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “If you are unable to get your bearings, stay put until the fog lifts but make sure you are in a safe location.”
25. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Have a compass available. Even if you don't know where you are in the fog, with a compass you can determine the direction you are navigating.”
26. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Be familiar with horn and bell sounds you should produce to warn others around you when in dense fog.”
27. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “Slow is the only safe speed in fog, mist, rain, smoke and darkness”
28. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MGN 349) (2026-10-14): “There is no guarantee that a small vessel will consistently show on radar screens”
29. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MGN 349) (2026-10-14): “All small craft should consider fitting, where practicable, the most effective and appropriate radar reflector or radar target enhancer (RTE) for their circumstances; and ensure those comply with international standards.”
30. IMO COLREGs Rule 32(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The term "short blast" means a blast of about one seconds duration.”

Citi ārkārtas situāciju ceļveži

Glābšanas numuri pa valstīm → Kā raidīt MAYDAY → Izdrukājama ārkārtas kartīte →