Megla in slaba vidljivost na vodi: kaj storiti

Nazadnje preverjeno: 14. oktober 2026

Korak za korakom

1. Takoj določite položaj

   Ko vidite, da se bliža megla, takoj zabeležite svoj položaj na GPS in na papirnati pomorski karti.[13]

2. Upočasnite

   Počasi je edina varna hitrost v megli. Plujte s hitrostjo, pri kateri se lahko pravočasno ustavite ali zavijete, in imejte motor pripravljen za takojšnje manevriranje.[27][6]

3. Luči prižgane, reflektor dvignjen

   Prižgite navigacijske luči, tudi podnevi, in se prepričajte, da je radarski reflektor nameščen.[11][23][14]

4. Oddajajte signal za meglo

   Po COLREGs motorno plovilo, ki pluje skozi vodo, vsaj vsaki 2 minuti odda en dolg zvok (4–6 sekund); jadrnica odda en dolg in dva kratka zvoka. Plovilo, krajše od 12 m, lahko namesto tega vsaj vsaki 2 minuti oddaja kakšen drug učinkovit zvočni signal.[1][2][3][10]

5. Glejte in poslušajte

   Postavite dodatne člane posadke na opazovanje in preverite, ali vsi nosijo reševalne jopiče. Izklopite glasbo in ves čas prisluškujte motorjem, sirenam, glasovom in signalom za meglo.[8][15][18][22]

6. Uporabljajte radar in AIS, a se ne zanašajte nanju

   Uporabljajte radar in AIS, če ju imate. Ne pozabite, da majhni čolni morda niso vidni na radarju drugih plovil, tudi z reflektorjem ne.[14][19][28]

7. Slišite signal pred seboj? Skoraj se ustavite

   Če pred seboj slišite signal za meglo drugega plovila, zmanjšajte hitrost na najmanjšo, pri kateri še ohranjate smer, in se po potrebi ustavite, dokler nevarnost ne mine.[7]

8. Umaknite se z ladijskih poti

   Z varno hitrostjo in stalno smerjo plujte proti plitvejši vodi, stran od prometnih ladijskih poti, nato sidrajte in počakajte. Če morate prečkati prometni pas, ga prečkajte pod pravim kotom glede na smer prometa.[16][9]

9. Na sidru oddajajte signal in poslušajte kanal 16

   Na sidru plovilo vsaj vsako minuto približno 5 sekund hitro zvoni z zvonom; plovilo, krajše od 12 m, lahko namesto tega vsaj vsaki 2 minuti oddaja drug učinkovit zvočni signal. Še naprej poslušajte VHF kanal 16.[5][3][20]

10. Pokličite pomoč, če ste v nevarnosti

    Če mislite, da ste obtičali na nevarnem mestu, pokličite pomoč z VHF radiem.[17]

Ne

• Ne ohranjajte običajne hitrosti. Počasi je edina varna hitrost v megli.[27]
• Ne domnevajte, da vas ladje vidijo na radarju ali AIS.[19][28]
• Ne poslušajte radia in ne dovolite, da vas zmoti pogovor; potrebujete svoja ušesa.[22]
• Ladijske poti ne prečkajte poševno; če jo morate prečkati, jo prečkajte pod pravim kotom.[9]
• Ne domnevajte, da bo sonce razgnalo meglo; morska megla lahko vztraja globoko v popoldne.[21]

Pred izplutjem

• Pred izplutjem: namestite najboljši radarski reflektor, ki je za vaše plovilo praktičen.[29]
• Pred izplutjem: imejte delujoče sredstvo za zvočno signalizacijo. Plovila, krajša od 12 m, ne potrebujejo piščalke in zvona, vendar morajo imeti kakšno drugo sredstvo za oddajanje učinkovitega zvočnega signala.[12]
• Pred izplutjem: naučite se signalov s sireno in zvonom, ki jih morate oddajati v megli.[26]
• Pred izplutjem: imejte kompas in karto, da lahko navigirate tudi, če elektronika odpove.[25]

Pogosta vprašanja

Viri

Viri so navedeni v izvirnem jeziku.

1. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(a), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast”
2. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “shall, instead of the signals prescribed in Rule 35 (a) or (b), sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts”
3. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(j), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to give the above mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.”
4. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound at intervals of no more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them.”
5. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(g), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than 1 minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds.”
6. IMO COLREGs Rule 19(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate maneuver.”
7. IMO COLREGs Rule 19(e), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to be the minimum at which she can be kept on her course.”
8. IMO COLREGs Rule 5, text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.”
9. IMO COLREGs Rule 10(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel, shall so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.”
10. IMO COLREGs Rule 32(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four to six seconds duration.”
11. IMO COLREGs Rule 20(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility”
12. IMO COLREGs Rule 33(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound signaling appliances prescribed in Rule 33 (a) but if she does not, she shall be provided with some other means of making an efficient signal.”
13. RNLI (2026-10-14): “When you see fog approaching, immediately do a position fix on your GPS and on your paper chart.”
14. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Make yourself visible and help yourself see other vessels – switch on navigation lights, make sure your radar reflector’s up, and use your radar and AIS (Automatic Identification System).”
15. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Nominate extra crew for lookout duty and check all are wearing lifejackets.”
16. RNLI (2026-10-14): “At a safe speed and a steady course, head for shallower water where you won’t be in any busy shipping lanes. There, drop anchor and sit it out.”
17. RNLI (2026-10-14): “If you’re really worried you’re stuck in a dangerous place, use your VHF radio to call for help.”
18. RNLI (2026-10-14): “keep listening out for engine noise, horns, voices and other signs of vessels nearby.”
19. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Very small vessels like dinghies don’t always show up on the radar, so you’ve got to be extra careful.”
20. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Listen on VHF Ch 16 and, in restricted waters, Ch 13.”
21. RNLI (2026-10-14): “It’s a common misconception that fog always gets ‘burned off’ by the sun as the day progresses; sea fog can still linger well into the afternoon.”
22. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Don’t be tempted to stick on the radio while you’re waiting for the fog to clear, or get distracted by conversation”
23. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Turn on all of your running lights, even in daytime.”
24. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “If you are unable to get your bearings, stay put until the fog lifts but make sure you are in a safe location.”
25. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Have a compass available. Even if you don't know where you are in the fog, with a compass you can determine the direction you are navigating.”
26. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Be familiar with horn and bell sounds you should produce to warn others around you when in dense fog.”
27. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “Slow is the only safe speed in fog, mist, rain, smoke and darkness”
28. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MGN 349) (2026-10-14): “There is no guarantee that a small vessel will consistently show on radar screens”
29. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MGN 349) (2026-10-14): “All small craft should consider fitting, where practicable, the most effective and appropriate radar reflector or radar target enhancer (RTE) for their circumstances; and ensure those comply with international standards.”
30. IMO COLREGs Rule 32(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The term "short blast" means a blast of about one seconds duration.”

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