Udu ja halb nähtavus vee peal: mida teha

Viimati kontrollitud: 14. oktoober 2026

Samm-sammult

1. Määra asukoht kohe

   Kui näed udu tulemas, märgi oma asukoht kohe GPS-i ja paberkaardile.[13]

2. Aeglusta

   Udus on ainus ohutu kiirus aeglane. Sõida kiirusega, mis võimaldab sul õigel ajal peatuda või pöörata, ja hoia mootor kohe manööverdamiseks valmis.[27][6]

3. Tuled põlema, radarireflektor üles

   Lülita navigatsioonituled sisse ka päeval ja veendu, et radarireflektor on üleval.[11][23][14]

4. Anna udusignaali

   COLREGs järgi annab vees liikuv mootoralus vähemalt iga 2 minuti järel ühe pika vile (4–6 sekundit); purjealus annab ühe pika ja kaks lühikest vilet. Alla 12 m alus võib selle asemel anda mõnda muud tõhusat helisignaali vähemalt iga 2 minuti järel.[1][2][3][10]

5. Vaata ja kuula

   Pane lisameeskond vahti ja kontrolli, et kõigil on päästevest seljas. Lülita muusika välja ja kuula pidevalt mootoreid, signaalpasunaid, hääli ja udusignaale.[8][15][18][22]

6. Kasuta radarit ja AIS-i, kuid ära looda neile

   Kasuta radarit ja AIS-i, kui need sul on. Pea meeles, et väikesed paadid ei pruugi teiste laevade radaril näha olla, isegi reflektoriga.[14][19][28]

7. Kuuled eespool signaali? Aeglusta roomamiskiiruseni

   Kui kuuled teise aluse udusignaali endast eespool, vähenda kiirus miinimumini, millega püsid kursil, ja peatu vajadusel, kuni oht on möödas.[7]

8. Mine laevateedelt ära

   Suundu ohutu kiiruse ja püsiva kursiga tiheda liiklusega laevateedest eemale madalamasse vette, siis ankurda ja oota. Kui pead sõiduraja ületama, ületa see liiklusvoolu suhtes täisnurga all.[16][9]

9. Anna ankrus signaali ja kuula kanalit 16

   Ankrus olev alus lööb vähemalt kord minutis umbes 5 sekundit kiiresti kella; alla 12 m alus võib selle asemel anda mõnda muud tõhusat helisignaali vähemalt iga 2 minuti järel. Kuula pidevalt VHF kanalit 16.[5][3][20]

10. Kutsu abi, kui oled ohus

    Kui arvad, et oled jäänud kuhugi ohtlikku kohta, kutsu VHF-raadioga abi.[17]

Ära tee

• Ära sõida tavalise kiirusega. Udus on ainus ohutu kiirus aeglane.[27]
• Ära eelda, et laevad näevad sind radaril või AIS-is.[19][28]
• Ära lase raadiol mängida ega lase vestlusel end segada; sul on vaja kõrvu.[22]
• Ära ületa laevateed kaldu; kui pead ületama, tee seda täisnurga all.[9]
• Ära eelda, et päike udu ära põletab; merel võib udu püsida kaugele pärastlõunasse.[21]

Enne merele minekut

• Enne merele minekut: paigalda parim radarireflektor, mis sinu paadile praktiline on.[29]
• Enne merele minekut: hoia pardal töötav helisignaalivahend. Alla 12 m paatidel pole vilet ja kella vaja, kuid neil peab olema mõni muu vahend tõhusa helisignaali andmiseks.[12]
• Enne merele minekut: õpi selgeks signaalpasuna- ja kellasignaalid, mida pead udus andma.[26]
• Enne merele minekut: hoia pardal kompassi ja merekaarti, et saaksid navigeerida ka siis, kui elektroonika üles ütleb.[25]

Korduma kippuvad küsimused

Allikad

Allikaid tsiteeritakse originaalkeeles.

1. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(a), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast”
2. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “shall, instead of the signals prescribed in Rule 35 (a) or (b), sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts”
3. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(j), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to give the above mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.”
4. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound at intervals of no more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them.”
5. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(g), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than 1 minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds.”
6. IMO COLREGs Rule 19(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate maneuver.”
7. IMO COLREGs Rule 19(e), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to be the minimum at which she can be kept on her course.”
8. IMO COLREGs Rule 5, text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.”
9. IMO COLREGs Rule 10(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel, shall so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.”
10. IMO COLREGs Rule 32(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four to six seconds duration.”
11. IMO COLREGs Rule 20(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility”
12. IMO COLREGs Rule 33(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound signaling appliances prescribed in Rule 33 (a) but if she does not, she shall be provided with some other means of making an efficient signal.”
13. RNLI (2026-10-14): “When you see fog approaching, immediately do a position fix on your GPS and on your paper chart.”
14. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Make yourself visible and help yourself see other vessels – switch on navigation lights, make sure your radar reflector’s up, and use your radar and AIS (Automatic Identification System).”
15. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Nominate extra crew for lookout duty and check all are wearing lifejackets.”
16. RNLI (2026-10-14): “At a safe speed and a steady course, head for shallower water where you won’t be in any busy shipping lanes. There, drop anchor and sit it out.”
17. RNLI (2026-10-14): “If you’re really worried you’re stuck in a dangerous place, use your VHF radio to call for help.”
18. RNLI (2026-10-14): “keep listening out for engine noise, horns, voices and other signs of vessels nearby.”
19. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Very small vessels like dinghies don’t always show up on the radar, so you’ve got to be extra careful.”
20. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Listen on VHF Ch 16 and, in restricted waters, Ch 13.”
21. RNLI (2026-10-14): “It’s a common misconception that fog always gets ‘burned off’ by the sun as the day progresses; sea fog can still linger well into the afternoon.”
22. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Don’t be tempted to stick on the radio while you’re waiting for the fog to clear, or get distracted by conversation”
23. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Turn on all of your running lights, even in daytime.”
24. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “If you are unable to get your bearings, stay put until the fog lifts but make sure you are in a safe location.”
25. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Have a compass available. Even if you don't know where you are in the fog, with a compass you can determine the direction you are navigating.”
26. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Be familiar with horn and bell sounds you should produce to warn others around you when in dense fog.”
27. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “Slow is the only safe speed in fog, mist, rain, smoke and darkness”
28. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MGN 349) (2026-10-14): “There is no guarantee that a small vessel will consistently show on radar screens”
29. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MGN 349) (2026-10-14): “All small craft should consider fitting, where practicable, the most effective and appropriate radar reflector or radar target enhancer (RTE) for their circumstances; and ensure those comply with international standards.”
30. IMO COLREGs Rule 32(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The term "short blast" means a blast of about one seconds duration.”

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