Rūkas ir blogas matomumas ant vandens: ką daryti

Paskutinį kartą patikrinta: 2026 m. spalio 14 d.

Žingsnis po žingsnio

1. Iškart nustatykite vietą

   Pamatę artėjantį rūką, iškart pažymėkite savo vietą GPS ir popieriniame jūrlapyje.[13]

2. Sulėtinkite

   Rūke vienintelis saugus greitis yra lėtas. Plaukite tokiu greičiu, kad laiku galėtumėte sustoti ar pasukti, ir laikykite variklį pasirengusį iškart manevruoti.[27][6]

3. Žiburiai įjungti, atšvaitas iškeltas

   Įjunkite navigacinius žiburius, net dieną, ir įsitikinkite, kad radaro atšvaitas iškeltas.[11][23][14]

4. Duokite rūko signalą

   Pagal COLREGs mechaninis laivas, judantis vandeniu, ne rečiau kaip kas 2 minutes duoda vieną ilgą garsą (4–6 sekundės); burinis laivas – vieną ilgą ir du trumpus. Trumpesnė nei 12 m valtis vietoj to gali ne rečiau kaip kas 2 minutes duoti kitą veiksmingą garso signalą.[1][2][3][10]

5. Žiūrėkite ir klausykitės

   Paskirkite papildomus stebėtojus ir patikrinkite, ar visi vilki gelbėjimosi liemenes. Išjunkite muziką ir klausykitės variklių, garsinių signalų, balsų ir rūko signalų.[8][15][18][22]

6. Naudokite radarą ir AIS, bet jais nepasikliaukite

   Naudokite radarą ir AIS, jei juos turite. Atminkite, kad mažos valtys kitų laivų radaruose gali nesimatyti, net ir su atšvaitu.[14][19][28]

7. Girdite signalą priekyje? Vos judėkite

   Jei priekyje girdite kito laivo rūko signalą, sumažinkite greitį iki mažiausio, kuriuo dar išlaikote kursą, o jei reikia – sustokite, kol pavojus praeis.[7]

8. Pasitraukite iš laivybos kelių

   Saugiu greičiu ir pastoviu kursu plaukite į seklesnį vandenį toliau nuo intensyvių laivybos kelių, tada išmeskite inkarą ir laukite. Jei turite kirsti eismo juostą, kirskite ją stačiu kampu eismo srautui.[16][9]

9. Signalas stovint ant inkaro ir klausymasis 16 kanalu

   Ant inkaro stovintis laivas ne rečiau kaip kas minutę apie 5 sekundes greitai skambina varpu; trumpesnė nei 12 m valtis vietoj to gali ne rečiau kaip kas 2 minutes duoti kitą veiksmingą garso signalą. Toliau klausykitės VHF 16 kanalo.[5][3][20]

10. Gresia pavojus? Kvieskite pagalbą

    Jei manote, kad įstrigote pavojingoje vietoje, kvieskite pagalbą VHF radiju.[17]

Ko nedaryti

• Neplaukite įprastu greičiu. Rūke vienintelis saugus greitis yra lėtas.[27]
• Nemanykite, kad laivai jus mato radare ar AIS.[19][28]
• Neklausykite radijo ir nesiblaškykite kalbėdamiesi; jums reikia klausos.[22]
• Nekirskite laivybos kelio įstrižai; jei turite kirsti, darykite tai stačiu kampu.[9]
• Nemanykite, kad saulė išsklaidys rūką; jūrinis rūkas gali išsilaikyti iki vėlyvos popietės.[21]

Prieš išplaukiant

• Prieš išplaukdami: įrenkite geriausią radaro atšvaitą, kokį praktiškai įmanoma įrengti jūsų valtyje.[29]
• Prieš išplaukdami: turėkite veikiančią garso signalo priemonę. Trumpesnėms nei 12 m valtims švilpuko ir varpo nereikia, bet jos privalo turėti kitą priemonę veiksmingam garso signalui duoti.[12]
• Prieš išplaukdami: išmokite garsinius ir varpo signalus, kuriuos turite duoti rūke.[26]
• Prieš išplaukdami: turėkite kompasą ir jūrlapį, kad galėtumėte naviguoti sugedus elektronikai.[25]

Dažniausi klausimai

Šaltiniai

Šaltiniai cituojami originalo kalba.

1. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(a), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast”
2. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “shall, instead of the signals prescribed in Rule 35 (a) or (b), sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts”
3. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(j), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to give the above mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.”
4. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound at intervals of no more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them.”
5. IMO COLREGs Rule 35(g), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than 1 minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds.”
6. IMO COLREGs Rule 19(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate maneuver.”
7. IMO COLREGs Rule 19(e), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to be the minimum at which she can be kept on her course.”
8. IMO COLREGs Rule 5, text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.”
9. IMO COLREGs Rule 10(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel, shall so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.”
10. IMO COLREGs Rule 32(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four to six seconds duration.”
11. IMO COLREGs Rule 20(c), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility”
12. IMO COLREGs Rule 33(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound signaling appliances prescribed in Rule 33 (a) but if she does not, she shall be provided with some other means of making an efficient signal.”
13. RNLI (2026-10-14): “When you see fog approaching, immediately do a position fix on your GPS and on your paper chart.”
14. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Make yourself visible and help yourself see other vessels – switch on navigation lights, make sure your radar reflector’s up, and use your radar and AIS (Automatic Identification System).”
15. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Nominate extra crew for lookout duty and check all are wearing lifejackets.”
16. RNLI (2026-10-14): “At a safe speed and a steady course, head for shallower water where you won’t be in any busy shipping lanes. There, drop anchor and sit it out.”
17. RNLI (2026-10-14): “If you’re really worried you’re stuck in a dangerous place, use your VHF radio to call for help.”
18. RNLI (2026-10-14): “keep listening out for engine noise, horns, voices and other signs of vessels nearby.”
19. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Very small vessels like dinghies don’t always show up on the radar, so you’ve got to be extra careful.”
20. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Listen on VHF Ch 16 and, in restricted waters, Ch 13.”
21. RNLI (2026-10-14): “It’s a common misconception that fog always gets ‘burned off’ by the sun as the day progresses; sea fog can still linger well into the afternoon.”
22. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Don’t be tempted to stick on the radio while you’re waiting for the fog to clear, or get distracted by conversation”
23. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Turn on all of your running lights, even in daytime.”
24. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “If you are unable to get your bearings, stay put until the fog lifts but make sure you are in a safe location.”
25. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Have a compass available. Even if you don't know where you are in the fog, with a compass you can determine the direction you are navigating.”
26. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Be familiar with horn and bell sounds you should produce to warn others around you when in dense fog.”
27. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “Slow is the only safe speed in fog, mist, rain, smoke and darkness”
28. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MGN 349) (2026-10-14): “There is no guarantee that a small vessel will consistently show on radar screens”
29. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MGN 349) (2026-10-14): “All small craft should consider fitting, where practicable, the most effective and appropriate radar reflector or radar target enhancer (RTE) for their circumstances; and ensure those comply with international standards.”
30. IMO COLREGs Rule 32(b), text published by US Coast Guard Navigation Center (2026-10-14): “The term "short blast" means a blast of about one seconds duration.”

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