Žmogus už borto: ką daryti

Paskutinį kartą patikrinta: 2026 m. spalio 14 d.

Žingsnis po žingsnio

1. Šaukite ir rodykite

   Sušukite „Žmogus už borto!“, kad visi laive žinotų. Paskirkite vienam žmogui vienintelę užduotį – rodyti į žmogų vandenyje ir niekada nenuleisti nuo jo akių.[1][2][3][4]

2. Meskite ką nors plūdraus

   Meskite gelbėjimo ratą, metamąjį gelbėjimo lyną ar gelbėjimosi liemenę kuo arčiau žmogaus. Tai padės jam išsilaikyti vandens paviršiuje ir pažymės, kur jis yra.[5][6]

3. Paspauskite MOB

   Paspauskite MOB mygtuką ploteryje ar GPS, kad pažymėtumėte vietą, kur žmogus įkrito.[5]

4. Perduokite MAYDAY

   Paspauskite ir laikykite DSC nelaimės mygtuką, tada perduokite MAYDAY VHF 16 kanalu. Pasakykite, kad žmogus už borto, nurodykite savo vietą ir kiek žmonių yra laive.[7][8][9][10]

5. Sulėtinkite ir apsisukite

   Sulėtinkite, jei galite – sustokite, ir apsisukite, kai tik įmanoma. Visą laiką stebėkite žmogų.[11][12][13]

6. Pasirinkite, kaip grįžti

   Transport Canada aprašo du motorinių valčių posūkius: Andersono (vienkartinį) posūkį – greičiausią, ramiam vandeniui ir geram matomumui – ir Williamsono posūkį, kai sureagavote pavėluotai arba matomumas prastas. Plaukite lėtai ir laikykite sraigtą toli nuo žmogaus.[14][15][16]

7. Priplaukite šalia, variklis neutralioje padėtyje

   Sustokite šalia žmogaus, variklį perjungę į neutralią padėtį. Transport Canada pataria priplaukti prie žmogaus iš vėjo pusės ir ištraukti jį per privėjinį bortą.[17][18]

8. Įtraukite jį į valtį

   Pritraukite žmogų prie valties plūdriu lynu arba prie valties pririštu gelbėjimo ratu. Jam ištraukti naudokite kopėčias ar kėlimo kilpą. Nešokite paskui jį į vandenį.[18][19][20]

9. Sušildykite ir kvieskite medikus

   Bet kuris iš šalto vandens ištrauktas žmogus gali turėti hipotermiją – tai skubi medicininė būklė. Nuveskite jį į priedangą, nuvilkite šlapius drabužius, suvyniokite uždengdami galvą ir praneškite gelbėjimo tarnybai.[21][22]

Ko nedaryti

• Nešokite paskui jį į vandenį. Meskite ką nors plūdraus ir veikite iš valties.[20][6]
• Nenuleiskite akių nuo žmogaus. Vandenyje žmogų lengva pamesti iš akių.[13]
• Nepriplaukite arti su besisukančiu sraigtu. Kai esate šalia, perjunkite variklį į neutralią padėtį.[12][17]
• Nešildykite sušalusio nukentėjusiojo karšta vonia ar termoforu ir netrinkite jo rankų ir kojų.[23]

Prieš išplaukiant

• Prieš išplaukdami: instruktuokite įgulą, ką daryti, jei žmogus iškrenta už borto, ir kaip kviesti pagalbą, ir paskirkite pavaduotoją, kuris moka valdyti valtį ir naudotis radiju.[24]
• Vilkėkite gelbėjimosi liemenę. Esant blogam orui, apsvarstykite saugos diržus ir prie valties pritvirtintą saugos lyną.[25][26]
• Jei valtis turi avarinio išjungimo virvelę (kill cord), prieš išplaukdami patikrinkite, ar ji veikia.[27]
• Iš anksto suplanuokite, kaip ištrauktumėte žmogų atgal į valtį, pavyzdžiui, kopėčiomis ar kėlimo kilpa.[28][19]

Dažniausi klausimai

Šaltiniai

Šaltiniai cituojami originalo kalba.

1. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Shout loudly, to make sure everyone knows that someone’s gone overboard”
2. Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) (2026-10-14): “Yell “man overboard, man overboard””
3. Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) (2026-10-14): “Point to casualty, keep pointing”
4. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “assign one person to constantly watch the person in the water”
5. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Throw a flotation aid. Point to the person in the water while maintaining visual contact with them. Mark the position using the MOB button on the chart plotter.”
6. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Throw a life buoy, line or lifejacket as close as you can to the person, not only to help them stay afloat but also to mark their position”
7. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Send a distress message using the DSC distress alert and voice message. Recover the person from the water.”
8. RNLI (2026-10-14): “If your radio is equipped with Digital Selective Calling (DSC) press and hold the Distress Alert button(s) until the transmission sends. Set the VHF Radio to Channel 16, High Power.”
9. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “A distress/Mayday call is used to indicate that a boat or person is threatened by grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance - for example, a boat taking on water, a vessel on fire, a person overboard or a serious medical emergency such as a heart attack.”
10. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (HM Coastguard) (2026-10-14): “Only to be used in the event of grave and imminent danger and assistance is required. Send a distress alert using digital selective calling (DSC), (press and hold the button until the alert is sent).”
11. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “slow down and stop (if possible)”
12. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Stop the boat and turn back as soon as you’re able. Remember that the prop is always a danger to anyone in the water, so take care as you approach them.”
13. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Watch the person carefully – it’s easy to lose sight of someone in the water, so don’t take your eyes off them!”
14. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “The Anderson Turn (or single turn) is the fastest method. It brings the boat back to a position it previously passed. It’s a good option to use in calm water with good visibility.”
15. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “The Williamson Turn is used when response is delayed or in poor visibility ( at night, in wavy conditions, etc.). It can be used in most situations.”
16. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “keep the propeller far away from them”
17. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Bring the boat upwind of the person Stop alongside, put the engine in neutral and keep the person well away from the propellers”
18. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “use a heavy line that floats, or a lifebuoy secured to the boat with a line to recover the person. Always bring the person back into the boat on the windward side”
19. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Consider adding lifting slings and riggings to make it easier to remove a person from the water if it’s not part of your required safety equipment.”
20. Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) (2026-10-14): “Do not enter the water to retrieve the casualty”
21. NHS (2026-10-14): “Hypothermia is a dangerous drop in body temperature below 35C (normal body temperature is around 37C). It's a medical emergency that needs to be treated in hospital.”
22. NHS (2026-10-14): “remove any wet clothing, wrap them in a blanket, sleeping bag or dry towel, making sure their head is covered”
23. NHS (2026-10-14): “do not use a hot bath, hot water bottle or heat lamp to warm them up do not rub their arms, legs, feet or hands”
24. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Discuss man overboard procedures and how to call for help. Identify a second in command and ensure they know how to call for help and operate the engine.”
25. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “always wear your Canadian-approved lifejacket or PFD”
26. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “In certain weather, and on some boats, it’s a good idea to wear a quick release safety harness and safety lines secured to your boat.”
27. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Check the kill cord is working if fitted.”
28. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Also consider how you or someone else can get back into your boat. Could you get out of the water with no help from others? Could you and your guests lift someone out of the water safely?”
29. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “The 1-10-1 Principle is a simple way to remember the stages of cold-water immersion and how long each one lasts.”
30. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “It can take an hour to go unconscious from hypothermia, even in ice water.”
31. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Wearing your lifejacket during this stage will keep you afloat, with your mouth and nose out of the water, so you can focus on your breathing.”
32. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Take a minute. The initial effects of cold water pass in less than a minute so don’t try to swim straight away.”
33. RNLI (2026-10-14): “The best way to float is to tilt your head back with your ears submerged. Try to relax and breathe normally.”
34. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety – A Boater’s Guide to the Federal Requirements for Recreational Boats (2026-10-14): “If you are wearing a PFD, keep it on.”
35. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety – A Boater’s Guide to the Federal Requirements for Recreational Boats (2026-10-14): “Cold Shock: an initial deep and sudden gasp followed by hyperventilation. Cold shock will pass in about one minute.”
36. RNLI (2026-10-14): “When in cold water (anything below 15°C), your body can go into cold water shock.”
37. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “About 94% of Canadian boaters who drown were in water less than 20C.”

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