Gaisras laive: ką daryti

Paskutinį kartą patikrinta: 2026 m. spalio 14 d.

Žingsnis po žingsnio

1. Gelbėjimosi liemenės, skelbkite pavojų

   Įsitikinkite, kad visi vilki gelbėjimosi liemenes ir žino apie gaisrą.[1][2]

2. Pirmiausia perduokite MAYDAY

   Išsiųskite DSC nelaimės signalą ir MAYDAY VHF 16 kanalu prieš atjungdami maitinimą, nes tai gali paveikti radiją.[3][4][5][6]

3. Nutraukite kurą, dujas ir elektrą

   Variklio gaisras: sustabdykite variklį ir užsukite kurą. Elektros gaisras: išjunkite maitinimą. Virtuvė ar dujos: užsukite dujų tiekimą.[7][8][9]

4. Laikykite variklio skyrių uždarytą

   Neatidarykite variklio liukų ar durelių, nebent būtina: oras maitina ugnį. Uždarykite variklio skyriaus ventiliaciją.[10][8][11]

5. Pasukite, kad ugnis būtų pavėjui

   Jei plaukiate, pasukite valtį taip, kad ugnis būtų pavėjui nuo jūsų, ir sustabdykite variklį, jei esamomis sąlygomis tai saugu.[12]

6. Mažą gaisrą gesinkite tik jei saugu

   Jei esate tikri savimi, nukreipkite gesintuvą į liepsnos pagrindą trumpais papūtimais, mojuodami iš vienos pusės į kitą, ir tęskite dar kelias sekundes po to, kai liepsna užgeso. Mažus gaisrus uždusinkite priešgaisrine antklode.[13][14][15][16][17]

7. Saugokitės dūmų

   Neikite į dūmų pilną kajutę. Jei esate dūmuose, laikykitės žemai. Miltelinis gesintuvas sukelia tirštą debesį, todėl palikite laisvą kelią išeiti.[18][19]

8. Pasitraukite, jei ugnis plinta

   Jei ugnis greitai plinta arba negalite jos suvaldyti, denyje pasitraukite kuo toliau nuo jos, pasiimkite nešiojamąjį VHF radiją ir pasiruoškite palikti valtį. Netoli kranto ar prisišvartavę išveskite visus iš valties ir skambinkite vietiniu pagalbos numeriu.[20][21][22][23]

9. Saugokitės anglies monoksido

   Galvos skausmas, pykinimas, galvos svaigimas, silpnumas ar sudirgusios akys gali reikšti apsinuodijimą CO. Išveskite žmogų į gryną orą ir kvieskite medikus.[24][25][26]

Ko nedaryti

• Neatidarykite variklio liuko, kad pažiūrėtumėte į degantį variklį.[10][11]
• Negesinkite gaisro, jei nesate tikri, kad susitvarkysite. Jei abejojate, pasitraukite.[27][17]
• Neikite į dūmų pilną patalpą.[18]
• Nenustokite gesinti tą akimirką, kai liepsna užgęsta. Ugnis gali vėl įsiliepsnoti.[13][15]
• Nepainiokite apsinuodijimo anglies monoksidu su jūros liga.[24][28]

Prieš išplaukiant

• Prieš išplaukdami: laikykite gesintuvus ir priešgaisrinę antklodę lengvai pasiekiamus – prie išėjimų, virtuvės ir variklio.[29][30]
• Perskaitykite gesintuvų instrukcijas ir patikrinkite juos kaskart prieš išplaukdami.[31][32]
• Kurą pilkite atsargiai: dauguma gaisrų kyla pilant kurą arba netrukus po to. Išvėdinkite, įjunkite ventiliatorių bent keturioms minutėms ir prieš užvesdami patikrinkite, ar nėra kuro garų.[33][34]
• Įrenkite jūrinį CO detektorių ir prieš kiekvieną plaukimą patikrinkite jo baterijas.[35][36][37]
• Įsitikinkite, kad visi žino, kaip uždaryti kuro ir dujų vožtuvus bei jungiklius.[38]

Dažniausi klausimai

Šaltiniai

Šaltiniai cituojami originalo kalba.

1. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “If you have a fire on board, make sure everyone is wearing a lifejacket or PFD and use extinguishers to control the fire.”
2. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Putting on lifejackets if you’re not already wearing them”
3. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Raising the alarm (MAYDAY)”
4. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Note: This may affect communication, so make sure you’ve raised the alarm first.”
5. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “A distress/Mayday call is used to indicate that a boat or person is threatened by grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance - for example, a boat taking on water, a vessel on fire, a person overboard or a serious medical emergency such as a heart attack.”
6. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (HM Coastguard) (2026-10-14): “Only to be used in the event of grave and imminent danger and assistance is required. Send a distress alert using digital selective calling (DSC), (press and hold the button until the alert is sent).”
7. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Fuel – Shut down the engine and fuel supply if it is an engine fire; Turn off the power supply if it is an electrical fire.”
8. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “If the fire is located in the engine space, stop the engine, shut off the fuel source and close the engine space ventilation.”
9. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “If you can smell gas, turn the supply off and get it checked out straight away!”
10. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Starve the fire of air. Don’t open engine hatches or doors unless you have to.”
11. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “An important requirement for fire fighting is that there is a way to put out a fire in enclosed engine spaces without needing to open the engine space access hatch or door.”
12. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “If your boat is moving when a fire starts, position the boat so the fire is downwind from you and stop the engine if it’s safe to do so under the weather conditions.”
13. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “For a small fire, aim the fire extinguisher spray at the base of the flames. Sweep the discharge nozzle from side-to-side and for a few seconds once the flames are completely out.”
14. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “If a fire starts, grab the fire extinguisher, activate it and direct it at the base of the flames using short bursts and sweeping the hose from side to side.”
15. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Otherwise, the fire could restart and there may not be enough left in the extinguisher to put it out again.”
16. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Oxygen – smothering the fire with a fire blanket or extinguisher”
17. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Only consider tackling a fire with an extinguisher if you are confident how to use it. Don’t place yourself in danger. If in doubt, evacuate the boat.”
18. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Do not enter a smoke filled space. If you are already in a smoke filled space keep low down where the air is clearer.”
19. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Be prepared for a dry powder extinguisher to create a dense powder-cloud, reducing visibility and impairing breathing. Don’t jeopardise your escape.”
20. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “Consider evacuation if the fire is spreading quickly or cannot be brought under control.”
21. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “If you are off-shore move as far away from the fire as you can on deck. Get everybody into life jackets. Take a handheld VHF radio onto deck with you to call for help. Notify the Coastguard by radio, make a Mayday call and/or display a distress signal.”
22. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Preparing to abandon ship”
23. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “If you are inland or moored near to land move everybody off the boat and call 999 immediately.”
24. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety (2026-10-14): “Early symptoms of CO poisoning include irritated eyes, headache, nausea, weakness, and dizziness. They are often confused with seasickness or intoxication, so those affected may not receive the medical attention they need.”
25. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety (2026-10-14): “Evacuate the area and move affected person(s) to a fresh air environment.”
26. Department of Transport, Western Australia (2026-10-14): “If you suspect someone on board has carbon monoxide poisoning: move them to a well-ventilated area immediately call for medical assistance.”
27. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “If in doubt, don’t fight a fire yourself.”
28. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Carbon monoxide (CO) is a deadly gas you can’t see, smell or taste. CO comes in through your lungs, cuts off the oxygen supply to your body and can kill you in minutes. Be alert! Symptoms include headaches, nausea and fatigue, which can often seem like seasickness or the flu.”
29. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Keep fire blankets and extinguishers within easy reach, close to exits and risk points, such as the galley and engine area.”
30. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “Keep fire extinguishers near exits so that you don't trap yourself when you move to get one.”
31. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “Read the instructions on your fire extinguishers and make sure you understand how they work.”
32. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety – A Boater’s Guide to the Federal Requirements for Recreational Boats (2026-10-14): “Inspect your fire extinguisher each time you get underway make sure that:”
33. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety – A Boater’s Guide to the Federal Requirements for Recreational Boats (2026-10-14): “Most fires and explosions happen during or shortly after fueling.”
34. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety – A Boater’s Guide to the Federal Requirements for Recreational Boats (2026-10-14): “After fueling, open all ports, hatches, and doors to ventilate. Run the blower for at least four minutes. Check the bilges for fuel vapors before starting the engine.”
35. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Fit a CO alarm to alert you of any poisonous carbon monoxide. Check your CO alarm is suitable for marine use and meets the EN50291-2 standard.”
36. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Use a marine-grade CO detector and check its batteries before every trip”
37. Department of Transport, Western Australia (2026-10-14): “install carbon monoxide alarms in the engine room and the main cabin”
38. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Make sure people know how to close emergency valves and switches in case of fire.”

Daugiau avarinių situacijų gidų

Gelbėjimo numeriai pagal šalį → Kaip perduoti MAYDAY → Spausdinama avarinė kortelė →