Zjarr në bord: çfarë të bëni

Verifikuar së fundi: 14 tetor 2026

Hap pas hapi

1. Jelekë shpëtimi, jepni alarmin

   Sigurohuni që të gjithë të kenë veshur jelek shpëtimi dhe ta dinë që ka zjarr.[1][2]

2. Dërgoni fillimisht MAYDAY

   Dërgoni alarm rreziku DSC dhe MAYDAY në kanalin 16 të VHF para se të ndërprisni energjinë, sepse kjo mund të ndikojë te radioja.[3][4][5][6]

3. Ndërprisni karburantin, gazin dhe energjinë

   Zjarr në motor: fikni motorin dhe mbyllni karburantin. Zjarr elektrik: ndërprisni energjinë. Kuzhinë ose gaz: mbyllni furnizimin me gaz.[7][8][9]

4. Mbajeni të mbyllur ndarjen e motorit

   Mos hapni kapakët ose dyert e motorit përveç nëse është e domosdoshme: ajri e ushqen zjarrin. Mbyllni ventilimin e ndarjes së motorit.[10][8][11]

5. Vendoseni zjarrin në drejtim të erës

   Nëse jeni në lëvizje, kthejeni varkën që zjarri të jetë në drejtimin nga fryn era larg jush, dhe fikni motorin nëse është e sigurt në ato kushte.[12]

6. Luftoni një zjarr të vogël vetëm nëse është e sigurt

   Nëse jeni të sigurt, drejtojeni fikësen në bazën e flakëve me shpërthime të shkurtra, duke e lëvizur nga njëra anë në tjetrën, dhe vazhdoni edhe disa sekonda pasi flakët të jenë shuar. Zjarret e vogla mbytini me batanije kundër zjarrit.[13][14][15][16][17]

7. Qëndroni larg tymit

   Mos hyni në një kabinë plot tym. Nëse jeni në tym, qëndroni ulët. Fikësja me pluhur të thatë krijon një re të dendur, ndaj mbajeni të lirë rrugën e daljes.[18][19]

8. Largohuni nëse përhapet

   Nëse zjarri përhapet shpejt ose nuk mund ta kontrolloni, largohuni sa më shumë prej tij në kuvertë, merrni një VHF dore dhe përgatituni ta braktisni varkën. Pranë tokës ose në skelë, zbritni të gjithë nga varka dhe thërrisni numrin lokal të emergjencës.[20][21][22][23]

9. Kujdes nga monoksidi i karbonit

   Dhimbja e kokës, të përzierat, marramendja, dobësia ose sytë e irrituar mund të jenë helmim nga CO. Çojeni personin në ajër të pastër dhe kërkoni ndihmë mjekësore.[24][25][26]

Mos

• Mos e hapni kapakun e motorit për të parë një zjarr në motor.[10][11]
• Mos luftoni një zjarr që nuk jeni të sigurt se mund ta përballoni. Nëse keni dyshime, largohuni.[27][17]
• Mos hyni në një hapësirë plot tym.[18]
• Mos ndaloni së spërkaturi sapo të shuhen flakët. Zjarri mund të ndizet përsëri.[13][15]
• Mos e ngatërroni helmimin nga monoksidi i karbonit me sëmundjen e detit.[24][28]

Para lundrimit

• Para lundrimit: mbajini fikëset dhe batanijen kundër zjarrit në vende lehtësisht të arritshme, pranë daljeve, kuzhinës dhe motorit.[29][30]
• Lexoni udhëzimet e fikëses dhe kontrollojini fikëset sa herë që dilni.[31][32]
• Furnizohuni me karburant me kujdes: shumica e zjarreve ndodhin gjatë ose pak pas furnizimit. Ajrosni, lëreni ventilatorin të punojë të paktën katër minuta dhe kontrolloni për avuj karburanti para ndezjes.[33][34]
• Instaloni një detektor detar CO dhe kontrolloni bateritë e tij para çdo udhëtimi.[35][36][37]
• Sigurohuni që të gjithë dinë si të mbyllin valvulat dhe çelësat e karburantit dhe të gazit.[38]

Pyetje të shpeshta

Burimet

Burimet citohen në gjuhën e tyre origjinale.

1. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “If you have a fire on board, make sure everyone is wearing a lifejacket or PFD and use extinguishers to control the fire.”
2. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Putting on lifejackets if you’re not already wearing them”
3. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Raising the alarm (MAYDAY)”
4. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Note: This may affect communication, so make sure you’ve raised the alarm first.”
5. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “A distress/Mayday call is used to indicate that a boat or person is threatened by grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance - for example, a boat taking on water, a vessel on fire, a person overboard or a serious medical emergency such as a heart attack.”
6. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (HM Coastguard) (2026-10-14): “Only to be used in the event of grave and imminent danger and assistance is required. Send a distress alert using digital selective calling (DSC), (press and hold the button until the alert is sent).”
7. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Fuel – Shut down the engine and fuel supply if it is an engine fire; Turn off the power supply if it is an electrical fire.”
8. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “If the fire is located in the engine space, stop the engine, shut off the fuel source and close the engine space ventilation.”
9. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “If you can smell gas, turn the supply off and get it checked out straight away!”
10. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Starve the fire of air. Don’t open engine hatches or doors unless you have to.”
11. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “An important requirement for fire fighting is that there is a way to put out a fire in enclosed engine spaces without needing to open the engine space access hatch or door.”
12. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “If your boat is moving when a fire starts, position the boat so the fire is downwind from you and stop the engine if it’s safe to do so under the weather conditions.”
13. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “For a small fire, aim the fire extinguisher spray at the base of the flames. Sweep the discharge nozzle from side-to-side and for a few seconds once the flames are completely out.”
14. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “If a fire starts, grab the fire extinguisher, activate it and direct it at the base of the flames using short bursts and sweeping the hose from side to side.”
15. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Otherwise, the fire could restart and there may not be enough left in the extinguisher to put it out again.”
16. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Oxygen – smothering the fire with a fire blanket or extinguisher”
17. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Only consider tackling a fire with an extinguisher if you are confident how to use it. Don’t place yourself in danger. If in doubt, evacuate the boat.”
18. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Do not enter a smoke filled space. If you are already in a smoke filled space keep low down where the air is clearer.”
19. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Be prepared for a dry powder extinguisher to create a dense powder-cloud, reducing visibility and impairing breathing. Don’t jeopardise your escape.”
20. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “Consider evacuation if the fire is spreading quickly or cannot be brought under control.”
21. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “If you are off-shore move as far away from the fire as you can on deck. Get everybody into life jackets. Take a handheld VHF radio onto deck with you to call for help. Notify the Coastguard by radio, make a Mayday call and/or display a distress signal.”
22. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Preparing to abandon ship”
23. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “If you are inland or moored near to land move everybody off the boat and call 999 immediately.”
24. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety (2026-10-14): “Early symptoms of CO poisoning include irritated eyes, headache, nausea, weakness, and dizziness. They are often confused with seasickness or intoxication, so those affected may not receive the medical attention they need.”
25. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety (2026-10-14): “Evacuate the area and move affected person(s) to a fresh air environment.”
26. Department of Transport, Western Australia (2026-10-14): “If you suspect someone on board has carbon monoxide poisoning: move them to a well-ventilated area immediately call for medical assistance.”
27. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “If in doubt, don’t fight a fire yourself.”
28. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Carbon monoxide (CO) is a deadly gas you can’t see, smell or taste. CO comes in through your lungs, cuts off the oxygen supply to your body and can kill you in minutes. Be alert! Symptoms include headaches, nausea and fatigue, which can often seem like seasickness or the flu.”
29. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Keep fire blankets and extinguishers within easy reach, close to exits and risk points, such as the galley and engine area.”
30. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “Keep fire extinguishers near exits so that you don't trap yourself when you move to get one.”
31. Transport Canada – Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) (2026-10-14): “Read the instructions on your fire extinguishers and make sure you understand how they work.”
32. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety – A Boater’s Guide to the Federal Requirements for Recreational Boats (2026-10-14): “Inspect your fire extinguisher each time you get underway make sure that:”
33. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety – A Boater’s Guide to the Federal Requirements for Recreational Boats (2026-10-14): “Most fires and explosions happen during or shortly after fueling.”
34. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety – A Boater’s Guide to the Federal Requirements for Recreational Boats (2026-10-14): “After fueling, open all ports, hatches, and doors to ventilate. Run the blower for at least four minutes. Check the bilges for fuel vapors before starting the engine.”
35. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Fit a CO alarm to alert you of any poisonous carbon monoxide. Check your CO alarm is suitable for marine use and meets the EN50291-2 standard.”
36. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Use a marine-grade CO detector and check its batteries before every trip”
37. Department of Transport, Western Australia (2026-10-14): “install carbon monoxide alarms in the engine room and the main cabin”
38. UK Home Office – Fire safety on boats (2026-10-14): “Make sure people know how to close emergency valves and switches in case of fire.”

Më shumë udhëzues për emergjencat

Numrat e shpëtimit sipas vendit → Si të bëni thirrjen MAYDAY → Kartelë emergjence për ta printuar →