Njeri në det: çfarë të bëni

Verifikuar së fundi: 14 tetor 2026

Hap pas hapi

1. Bërtisni dhe tregoni me gisht

   Bërtisni “Njeri në det!” që ta dinë të gjithë në bord. Jepini një personi detyrën e vetme të tregojë me gisht personin në ujë dhe të mos e heqë kurrë shikimin.[1][2][3][4]

2. Hidhni diçka që pluskon

   Hidhni një rreth shpëtimi, litar hedhës ose jelek shpëtimi sa më afër tij. E ndihmon të qëndrojë mbi ujë dhe shënon vendin ku ndodhet.[5][6]

3. Shtypni MOB

   Shtypni butonin MOB në plotterin hartografik ose në GPS për të shënuar pozicionin ku ra në ujë.[5]

4. Dërgoni MAYDAY

   Shtypni dhe mbani butonin e rrezikut DSC, pastaj bëni thirrjen MAYDAY në kanalin 16 të VHF. Thoni që një person ka rënë në det, jepni pozicionin dhe sa persona janë në bord.[7][8][9][10]

5. Ngadalësoni dhe kthehuni

   Ngadalësoni, ndaloni nëse mundeni dhe kthehuni sa më shpejt që të jeni në gjendje. Mbajeni personin nën vëzhgim gjatë gjithë kohës.[11][12][13]

6. Zgjidhni si të ktheheni

   Transport Canada përshkruan dy kthesa për varkat me motor: kthesën Anderson (të vetme), më të shpejtën, për ujë të qetë dhe dukshmëri të mirë; dhe kthesën Williamson, kur keni reaguar vonë ose dukshmëria është e dobët. Lëvizni ngadalë dhe mbajeni helikën shumë larg personit.[14][15][16]

7. Afrohuni anash në neutral

   Ndaloni anash personit me motorin në neutral. Transport Canada këshillon ta sillni varkën në anën nga vjen era ndaj tij dhe ta nxirrni nga ana e erës.[17][18]

8. Ngjiteni sërish në bord

   Afrojeni te varka me një litar pluskues ose me një rreth shpëtimi të lidhur me varkën. Përdorni një shkallë ose rrip ngritës për ta nxjerrë. Mos hyni në ujë pas tij.[18][19][20]

9. Ngroheni dhe kërkoni ndihmë mjekësore

   Kushdo që nxirret nga uji i ftohtë mund të ketë hipotermi, që është emergjencë mjekësore. Strehojeni, hiqini rrobat e lagura dhe mbështilleni duke i mbuluar kokën, dhe njoftoni shërbimin e shpëtimit.[21][22]

Mos

• Mos u hidhni në ujë pas tij. Hidhni diçka që pluskon dhe veproni nga varka.[20][6]
• Mos e hiqni shikimin nga personi. Është e lehtë ta humbasësh nga sytë dikë në ujë.[13]
• Mos iu afroni me helikën që rrotullohet. Vendoseni motorin në neutral kur jeni anash tij.[12][17]
• Mos e ngrohni personin e ftohur me banjë të nxehtë ose termofor, dhe mos ia fërkoni krahët dhe këmbët.[23]

Para lundrimit

• Para lundrimit: shpjegojini ekuipazhit procedurën për njeri në det dhe si të thërrasin ndihmë, dhe zgjidhni një zëvendëskomandant që mund ta drejtojë varkën dhe të përdorë radion.[24]
• Vishni jelekun e shpëtimit. Në mot të keq, mendoni për një rrip sigurie dhe litar sigurie të lidhur me varkën.[25][26]
• Nëse varka juaj ka kordon fikjeje të motorit (kill cord), kontrolloni që funksionon para nisjes.[27]
• Planifikoni si do ta ngjitnit dikë sërish në bord, për shembull me shkallë ose rrip ngritës.[28][19]

Pyetje të shpeshta

Burimet

Burimet citohen në gjuhën e tyre origjinale.

1. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Shout loudly, to make sure everyone knows that someone’s gone overboard”
2. Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) (2026-10-14): “Yell “man overboard, man overboard””
3. Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) (2026-10-14): “Point to casualty, keep pointing”
4. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “assign one person to constantly watch the person in the water”
5. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Throw a flotation aid. Point to the person in the water while maintaining visual contact with them. Mark the position using the MOB button on the chart plotter.”
6. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Throw a life buoy, line or lifejacket as close as you can to the person, not only to help them stay afloat but also to mark their position”
7. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Send a distress message using the DSC distress alert and voice message. Recover the person from the water.”
8. RNLI (2026-10-14): “If your radio is equipped with Digital Selective Calling (DSC) press and hold the Distress Alert button(s) until the transmission sends. Set the VHF Radio to Channel 16, High Power.”
9. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “A distress/Mayday call is used to indicate that a boat or person is threatened by grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance - for example, a boat taking on water, a vessel on fire, a person overboard or a serious medical emergency such as a heart attack.”
10. Maritime and Coastguard Agency (HM Coastguard) (2026-10-14): “Only to be used in the event of grave and imminent danger and assistance is required. Send a distress alert using digital selective calling (DSC), (press and hold the button until the alert is sent).”
11. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “slow down and stop (if possible)”
12. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Stop the boat and turn back as soon as you’re able. Remember that the prop is always a danger to anyone in the water, so take care as you approach them.”
13. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Watch the person carefully – it’s easy to lose sight of someone in the water, so don’t take your eyes off them!”
14. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “The Anderson Turn (or single turn) is the fastest method. It brings the boat back to a position it previously passed. It’s a good option to use in calm water with good visibility.”
15. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “The Williamson Turn is used when response is delayed or in poor visibility ( at night, in wavy conditions, etc.). It can be used in most situations.”
16. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “keep the propeller far away from them”
17. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Bring the boat upwind of the person Stop alongside, put the engine in neutral and keep the person well away from the propellers”
18. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “use a heavy line that floats, or a lifebuoy secured to the boat with a line to recover the person. Always bring the person back into the boat on the windward side”
19. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Consider adding lifting slings and riggings to make it easier to remove a person from the water if it’s not part of your required safety equipment.”
20. Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) (2026-10-14): “Do not enter the water to retrieve the casualty”
21. NHS (2026-10-14): “Hypothermia is a dangerous drop in body temperature below 35C (normal body temperature is around 37C). It's a medical emergency that needs to be treated in hospital.”
22. NHS (2026-10-14): “remove any wet clothing, wrap them in a blanket, sleeping bag or dry towel, making sure their head is covered”
23. NHS (2026-10-14): “do not use a hot bath, hot water bottle or heat lamp to warm them up do not rub their arms, legs, feet or hands”
24. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Discuss man overboard procedures and how to call for help. Identify a second in command and ensure they know how to call for help and operate the engine.”
25. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “always wear your Canadian-approved lifejacket or PFD”
26. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “In certain weather, and on some boats, it’s a good idea to wear a quick release safety harness and safety lines secured to your boat.”
27. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Check the kill cord is working if fitted.”
28. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Also consider how you or someone else can get back into your boat. Could you get out of the water with no help from others? Could you and your guests lift someone out of the water safely?”
29. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “The 1-10-1 Principle is a simple way to remember the stages of cold-water immersion and how long each one lasts.”
30. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “It can take an hour to go unconscious from hypothermia, even in ice water.”
31. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “Wearing your lifejacket during this stage will keep you afloat, with your mouth and nose out of the water, so you can focus on your breathing.”
32. RNLI (2026-10-14): “Take a minute. The initial effects of cold water pass in less than a minute so don’t try to swim straight away.”
33. RNLI (2026-10-14): “The best way to float is to tilt your head back with your ears submerged. Try to relax and breathe normally.”
34. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety – A Boater’s Guide to the Federal Requirements for Recreational Boats (2026-10-14): “If you are wearing a PFD, keep it on.”
35. U.S. Coast Guard Boating Safety – A Boater’s Guide to the Federal Requirements for Recreational Boats (2026-10-14): “Cold Shock: an initial deep and sudden gasp followed by hyperventilation. Cold shock will pass in about one minute.”
36. RNLI (2026-10-14): “When in cold water (anything below 15°C), your body can go into cold water shock.”
37. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E, 03/2026) (2026-10-14): “About 94% of Canadian boaters who drown were in water less than 20C.”

Më shumë udhëzues për emergjencat

Numrat e shpëtimit sipas vendit → Si të bëni thirrjen MAYDAY → Kartelë emergjence për ta printuar →