Pērkona negaiss, zibens un brāzmas uz ūdens: ko darīt

Pēdējo reizi pārbaudīts: 2026. gada 14. oktobris

Soli pa solim

1. Rīkojieties pie pirmajām pazīmēm

   Tumši mākoņi, vienmērīgi pieaugošs vējš vai viļņi vai pēkšņa vēja virziena maiņa nozīmē, ka var tuvoties negaiss. Ja dzirdat pērkonu, esat pietiekami tuvu, lai zibens jūs varētu skart. Nekavējoties dodieties uz ostu vai drošu patvērumu.[12][22][14][1][25]

2. Glābšanas vestes visiem

   Negaisa brāzmas var apgāzt mazu laivu. Pārliecinieties, ka visiem uz klāja tagad ir mugurā glābšanas veste.[9][18]

3. Samaziniet ātrumu un nostipriniet laivu

   Samaziniet ātrumu, lai saglabātu kontroli. Novietojiet vaļīgās mantas un lieciet apkalpei sēdēt zemu un laivas vidū.[18][19]

4. Buru jolā brāzmās atlaidiet buras

   Kad uzbrāzmo pēkšņa brāzma, atlaidiet foku un grotu, līdz laiva sāk iztaisnoties.[21]

5. Ejiet iekšā vai nolaidieties zemu

   Ja laivai ir kajīte, palieciet iekšā. Ja nav, notupieties pēc iespējas zemāk laivas vidū.[2][13][10]

6. Turieties tālāk no metāla un ūdens

   Turieties tālāk no metāla detaļām un elektroierīcēm un nepieskarieties vienlaikus diviem iezemētiem metāla priekšmetiem. Turiet rokas un kājas laivā.[10][2][5]

7. Nolaidiet antenu; radio tikai ārkārtas gadījumiem

   Nolaidiet vai piesieniet radio antenu un citas augstas detaļas, ja tās nav daļa no zibensaizsardzības sistēmas. Nelietojiet radio, ja vien nav ārkārtas situācija.[6][16]

8. Nevarat sasniegt krastu? Nogaidiet

   Ja nevarat atgriezties krastā, US National Weather Service iesaka izmest enkuru un nolaisties pēc iespējas zemāk. Pērkona negaisi parasti ir īsi, tāpēc labāk tos nogaidīt nekā braukt tiem cauri.[15][3]

9. Ja zibens skar cilvēku

   Nekavējoties sauciet palīdzību. Zibens skartam cilvēkam nav elektriskā lādiņa, tāpēc viņam droši var pieskarties un palīdzēt.[20][7]

10. Pēc negaisa pārbaudiet laivu

    Ja zibens iespēra laivā vai jums šķiet, ka iespēra, pārbaudiet, vai elektrosistēma un kompass nav bojāti, pirms uz tiem paļaujaties.[8]

Ko nedarīt

• Negaidiet pērkonu vai lietu, lai dotos uz krastu. Zibens var iespert daudzu jūdžu attālumā pirms negaisa.[4][14]
• Nedodieties uz ūdens, ja prognozēts pērkona negaiss.[1]
• Nepieskarieties vienlaikus vairāk nekā vienam iezemētam metāla priekšmetam.[10]
• Nelaidiet rokas vai kājas ūdenī.[5]
• Nelietojiet radio tērzēšanai zibens laikā; taupiet to ārkārtas situācijām.[16]

Pirms došanās jūrā

• Pirms došanās ceļā: pārbaudiet jūras laika prognozi un brīdinājumus, vai tajos nav minēti pērkona negaisi vai brāzmas.[24][1]
• Pirms došanās ceļā: atcerieties, ka brāzmas var būt par 40% spēcīgākas nekā prognozētais vidējais vējš, bet negaisā — vēl spēcīgākas.[23]
• Pirms došanās ceļā: izplānojiet atkāpšanās ceļu un noskaidrojiet kartē, kur varat patverties.[11][26]
• Uz ūdens: regulāri pārbaudiet laika ziņas jūras radio.[27]

Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi

Avoti

Avoti citēti oriģinālvalodā.

1. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “It is therefore strongly recommended you do not venture out if thunderstorms are a possibility. If you do venture out and recognize thunderstorms nearby, head to port or safe shelter as quickly as possible.”
2. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “If your boat has a cabin, then stay inside and avoid touching metal or electrical devices. If your boat doesn't have a cabin, stay as low as you can in the boat.”
3. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Keep in mind that thunderstorms are usually brief so waiting it out is better than riding it out.”
4. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Stop all activities when there is lightning or when weather conditions look threatening. The first lightning strike can come out of a clear blue sky many miles ahead of an approaching thunderstorm cloud.”
5. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Keep arms and legs in the boat. Do not dangle them in the water. Water conducts electricity from lightning.”
6. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Lower, remove or tie down the radio antenna and other protruding devices if they are NOT part of a lightning protection system.”
7. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Victims do not carry an electrical charge after being struck.”
8. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “If a boat has been struck by lightning, or is suspected of having been struck, check the electrical system and the compasses to ensure that no damage has occurred.”
9. US National Weather Service Melbourne (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “If a thunderstorm threatens while afloat, be sure everyone aboard is wearing a life jacket as a small boat can be overturned by gusty winds.”
10. US National Weather Service Melbourne (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “If lightning is threatening, keep below decks if possible; keep away from metal objects that are not grounded to the boat's protection system; don't touch more than one grounded object at the same time.”
11. US National Weather Service Melbourne (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Have an escape plan in mind. Thunderstorms and weather related hazards form quickly. Never let these storms cut off your route back to land.”
12. US National Weather Service Melbourne (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Dark, threatening clouds usually foretell the approach of severe weather. Other things to watch for are a steady increase in wind or seas or an increase in wind opposite in direction to a strong current.”
13. US National Weather Service Miami (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Get out of the water, off the beach and out of small boats. If caught in a boat, crouch down in the center of the boat, away from metal hardware.”
14. US National Weather Service Miami (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Remember, if you can hear thunder, you are close enough to the storm to be struck by lightning.”
15. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “If you are out and cannot get back to land and safety, drop anchor and get as low as possible.”
16. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Remember to stay inside the cabin and away from any metal surfaces. Stay off the radio unless it is an emergency!”
17. US National Weather Service (NOAA) (2026-10-14): “Wait 30 minutes until after the last rumble of thunder before going back to the beach.”
18. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “If you’re close to shore, consider heading back early. If you’re further out, reduce speed, secure loose items, and ensure all passengers are wearing lifejackets if not already.”
19. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “Stabilise your boat by stowing loose gear and get your crew to sit low and in the middle of the hull to further improve stability and safety, especially in smaller boats.”
20. Coastguard New Zealand (2026-10-14): “And lastly, if you are in danger, call for help. Don’t risk a fatal event, as your pride got in the way of radio CH16.”
21. Transport Canada – Rental Boat Safety Checklist (Sailing Dinghy) (2026-10-14): “Release the jib and main sail until the boat starts to flatten out when there are unexpected gusts of wind”
22. Australian Bureau of Meteorology (2026-10-14): “sudden increase in wind speed or change in wind direction”
23. Australian Bureau of Meteorology (2026-10-14): “Forecasts show average wind speeds. Wind gusts can be 40% stronger than the average wind speed and even stronger during a storm.”
24. Australian Bureau of Meteorology (2026-10-14): “Check for mention of thunderstorms or squalls, as this may indicate strong winds could develop faster.”
25. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “Summer thunderstorms can strike quickly and without warning. Keep your eye on the sky when you’re out on the water. If it starts to look dark and cloudy, and conditions are changing quickly, head for shore.”
26. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “Remember to check your up-to-date nautical charts in advance so you’ll know where to find shelter.”
27. Transport Canada – Safe Boating Guide (TP 511E) (2026-10-14): “If you have a marine radio, you can get weather updates while you’re on the water.”

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